The Fish review

How the review works

The aim of the review is to establish material that is of scientific merit and specimens which are good representatives, possessing public potential for display and community events. These two criteria do not necessarily go hand in hand; as a specimen may have a fantastic scientific research potential, but may not be visually impressive. Therefore the specimens are graded against two separate criteria: Scientific Merit (as a numerical value of stars) and Public Engagement (as a Gold, Silver or Bronze status).  For a more in depth look into the review criteria, click on this link. Review Criteria.

 

The fossil fish collection consists of 18 trays containing 204 specimens from the Carboniferous, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Eocene with occasional Devonian and Miocene material. They are predominantly from the England, Scotland, Italy and Germany, with a few specimens from Lebanon and the USA. The bulk of the collection is stored in the archives at the Discovery Centre, with a few specimens on display at Leeds City Museum.

 

Dr John Clarke led the two day review, conducted as a systematic, tray by tray investigation, resulted in the discovery of some interesting specimens and oddities. The results of this review will occur as an overview, with some of the highlights below.

 

The Gold specimens

 

Leedm.B.1883.12

An incredible, near complete specimen of a large Megalichthys hibberti  (3 Gold stars – Leedm.B.1883.12) preserved on its back, from the Carboniferous. Found in Yorkshire, England.

 

The Silver specimens

Leedm.B.1979.06.0129 (left)

Leedm.B.1979.06.0129 (right)

A wonderful disarticulated head specimen of a Cretaceous Hoplopteryx lewesiensis (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0129) from Lewes, Sussex, England. Both left and right sides photographed.

 

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0078

An interesting Eocene specimen of Berybolcensis leptacanthus (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0078) from Monte Bolca, Italy. Specimen has suffered some damage with repair.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0165

A well preserved and near complete Eocene specimen of a Mene rhombeus (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0165) also from Monte Bolca, Italy.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0152

Another well preserved and very interesting Eocene specimen of a Ductor venstenae (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0152) from Monte Bolca, Italy.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0140

A wonderful Jurassic specimen of a Callipurbeckiidae (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0140) with well preserved features, from Wiltshire, England. Specimen has suffered some damage.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0164

A wonderful Jurassic specimen of two Leptolepis sprattiformis (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0164) from the Solnhofen, Germany. Currently on display at Leeds City Museum.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0076

A curious Eocene specimen of a Sparnodus? microstomus (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0076) from Monte Bolca, Italy. Identification is uncertain, as the specimen may be a composite of two fossils.

 

Leedm.B.TN5165

A well preserved, but curious Jurassic specimen of a Lepidotes semiserratus (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.TN5165) from the Lias, Whitby, North Yorkshire, England. Featuring a three dimensionally preserved articulated head. Curiously, at some point in the past this specimen has been reconstructed and exhibited the wrong way up, as a coelacanth.

 

 

 

The Bronze specimens

Leedm.B.1979.06.0124 (left)

Leedm.B.1979.06.0124 (right)

A good three dimensionally preserved head specimen of a Cretaceous Thrissopater? megalops (3 Bronze stars – Leedm.B.1979.06.0124) from Lewes, Sussex, England.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0112

An interesting and nicely preserved Eocene specimen of a Holocentrum macrocephalum (1 Bronze star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0112) from Monte Bolca, Italy.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0160

A nicely preserved specimen of a Jurassic  Leptolepides sprattiformis. (1 Bronze star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0160) from the Solnhofen, Germany.

 

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0008

An interesting, near complete Jurassic specimen of a Pholidophorus pachysomus (1 Bronze star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0008) from Lyme Regis, Dorset, England.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0086

A nicely preserved Carboniferous specimen of a Osteolepis sp (1 Bronze star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0086) from England. Specimen has suffered some damage.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0088

A well preserved and near complete Cretaceous specimen of a Macropoma mantelli (1 Bronze star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0088) from Lewes, Sussex, England.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0156

A rare and nicely preserved specimen of a Jurassic Athrodon sp (1 Bronze star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0156) from Germany.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0003

An interesting and nicely preserved Jurassic specimen of a Dapedium sp (1 Bronze star – Leedm.B.1979.06.003) from Lyme Regis, Dorset, England. Specimen has suffered some damage now repaired.

 

Leedm.B.1985.05.03

A wonderful Eocene assemblage of numerous Gosiutichthys sp (1 Bronze star – Leedm.B.1985.05.03) specimens, from Green river, Wyoming, USA. On display at Leeds City Museum.

 

The clear specimens

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0042

An interesting and nicely preserved Cretaceous specimen of a Hoplopteryx lewesiensis (1 Clear star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0042) from Lewes, Sussex, England.

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0127

A fair Cretaceous specimen of a Ctenothrissa radians (1 Clear star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0127) from Lewes, Sussex, England.

 

 

Leedm.B.1979.06.0015

A fair, incomplete, Devonian specimen of a Cheiracanthus sp (1 Clear star – Leedm.B.1979.06.0015) from Gamrie, Banffshire, Scotland.

 

The review covered 204 specimens, establishing the following summary.

Gold = A truly amazing specimen; Silver = A very good specimen that has great potential; Bronze = A good specimen which can demonstrate a particular feature; Clear = A specimen that has limited visual qualities.

3 stars = High scientific importance; 2 stars = Moderate scientific importance; 1 star = Fair scientific importance; 0 stars = Supported by limited or no documentation.

 

 

Summary

The collection of fossil fishes in the Leeds Discovery centre is relatively small, totalling 18 trays. Roughly 8 of these contain micro or fragmentary remains, while 10 contain articulated specimens. The specimens are well stored and cared for. The curator continues to update the information for the specimens based upon more recent identification information, and efforts are being made to digitise parts of the collection. All the specimens are easily accessible for study.

 

Strengths

The collections feature numerous articulated specimens in perfectly suitable condition for various types of trait measurement, from several well-known Lagerstätten. Most notable are specimens from the English Chalk, of which there are around 8 articulated specimens with intact heads and two with postcranial, along with more fragmentary material. There are also 5 articulated specimens from Monte Bolca, including Berybolcensis leptacanthus, Mene rhombea, Blochius longirostris, Ductor vestenae and cf. Sparnodus. Five or six specimens from the Devonian of Scotland are worthy of further examination, as is the collection of Lower Jurassic ‘pholidophorids’ (~8) and Dapedium (~5). Other articulated specimens are typically the sole representative of their deposit in the collections.

 

Weaknesses

Many specimens lack provenance and stratigraphic details, obscuring the potential historical importance of the collection. Because it is difficult to trust the locality information of many specimens, the scientific value of the collection is also reduced, as few firm claims that hinge upon site information can be substantiated. Nevertheless, the matrix of numerous taxa can be relatively well matched to famous sites, and so can still be utilized to some degree.

 

The fossil fish, along with all the other collections are open and free for anyone to view by appointment, just call Leeds Discovery Centre on 0113 378 2100 or email discovery.centre@leeds.gov.uk

 

I would like to take this opportunity to thank John for this review over two great days, and for his invaluable help identifying and updating taxonomic names.

The Arthropod Review

How the review works

The aim of the review is to establish material that is of scientific merit and specimens which are good aesthetic representatives, possessing public potential for display and community events. These two criteria do not necessarily go hand in hand; as a specimen may have a fantastic scientific research potential, but may not be visually impressive. Therefore the specimens are graded against two separate criteria: Scientific Merit (as a numerical value of stars) and Public Engagement (as a Gold, Silver or Bronze status).

For a more in depth look into the review criteria, click on the “Review Criteria” tab in the tool bar above.

 

The Trilobite review

Joe investigating a trilobite tray

 

The Arthropod collection consists of 14 trays made up of 9 Trilobites and 5 other Arthropoda (fossil Crustaceans, Insects and a Sea Scorpion cast). It was decided that the amount of material would suit the review being conducted as a detailed, systematic, tray by tray investigation, rather than an initial overview of the entire collection, followed by an in depth look at a compiled shortlist.

 

Day One.

Leedm.B.TN5840

Dr Joseph Botting led the review, which resulted in some specimens making an impact at the outset. The collection contains some important SSSI material from the Burgess Shale and Wenlock limestone     (2 Gold stars – Leedm.B.TN5840).

 

Leedm.B.1876.5.2

The scientific highlights are the historically important Bohemian specimens, donated to the museum in 1876 by Dr Antonin Frič, the director of the National Museum Prague. One of these specimens, Miraspis mira      (2 Silver stars – Leedm.B.1876.5.2) is quite rare, with distinct spines on the pygidium. The function of these spines is uncertain; but Joe suggested they are likely to be a camouflage feature rather than a defensive structure.

 

Leedm.B.TN4896

As the review progressed it became apparent that some material has wonderful potential for public engagement. Notably a common specimen Encrinurus punctatus  (0 Silver stars – Leedm.B.TN4896), exhibiting interesting lumps on the glabella, which maybe a function of camouflage.

 

Unfortunately much of this material has little scientific merit, with two wonderful but very common Dalmanites myops specimens (0 Silver stars – Leedm.B.TN4907) and (0 Gold stars – Leedm.B.TN4899); both are fine examples of schizochroal – compound eyes structures.  

Leedm.B.TN4907

Leedm.B.TN4899

 

Some rarer and slightly trickier to find material was discovered in the form of Peronopsis interstricta (2 Gold stars – Leedm.B.TN2015), a planktonic filter feeder from Utah.

Leedm.B.TN2015

Joe with his trusty hand lens.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Day Two.

The review resumed and revealed some surprising discoveries, notably a Calymene blumenbachi specimen with damaged ribs       (2 Gold stars – Leedm.B.TN5586).

 

Leedm.B.TN5586

On closer inspection it was interpreted as predatory damage from a Sea Scorpion’s pincer. The specimen is the actual trilobite and not a moult, which therefore implies that the trilobite must have survived the initial attack but died within one moult cycle.

Two other Silurian specimens of note are a wonderful example of a Bumastus barriensis (1 Bronze star – Leedm.B.2010.72) an infaunal ambush predator, and another lovely example of Calymene blumenbachi (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.TN5836) exhibiting granular ornamentation on the cephalon.

Leedm.B.2010.72

Leedm.B.TN5836

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The review covered 204 trilobite specimens, establishing the following summary.

Gold = A truly amazing specimen; Silver = A very good specimen that has great potential; Bronze = A good specimen which can demonstrate a particular feature; Clear = A specimen that has limited visual impact.

Joe referencing a tricky specimen.

3 stars = High scientific importance.

2 stars = Moderate scientific importance.

1 star = Fair scientific importance.

0 stars = No or limited scientific importance.

 

With the Trilobite review completed, Joe kindly suggested to review the remaining arthropods; with some wonderful results that would have gone undiscovered.

 

 

Review of additional Arthropod material

The highlights of this additional review include a wonderful horseshoe crab Mesolimulus walchi (2 Gold stars – Leedm.B.2010.186) from the Solnhofen limestone.

Leedm.B.2010.186

Leedm.B.2003.01.01

 

 

An additional specimen of Bellinurus trilobitoides (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.2003.01.01) found locally in Leeds.

 

 

Leedm.B.TN4865

 

Similar to the trilobites, the bulk of the collection is of a limited scientific merit, but contains some wonderful material for public engagement, notably a Hoploparia sp.  (1 Silver star – Leedm.B.TN4865).

 

In addition, a wonderful beetle specimen, Cybister explanatus from the La Brea Tar Pits. And last but not least, an interesting and scientifically important bedding plane of crustaceans; exhibiting exceptional soft body preservation from a potential and undescribed Silurian lagerstätten in the UK, both not photographed here.

 

The additional review of arthropod material covered 85 specimens, establishing the following summary.

 

Summary of the Trilobite collection.

The collection contains wide ranging material with a lot of fine specimens, but unfortunately lack scientific importance. The collection has not been acquired systematically with donors providing unusual material, with no focus on trilobite sourcing. There is a number of research grade Carboniferous material, featuring a wide range of named species from Malham Tarn and Doncaster.

 

Strengths

Strong representations of the following groups:

Phacopida group – illustrating eye morphology, life habits and enrolment.

Asaphida group – exhibiting microevolution with species level taxonomy of Trinuclid evolution.

Proetida group – as a conservative group.

Specimens occur as moults and/or complete specimens with compressional and three-dimensional preservation.

The Bohemian material extends the fauna of the collection and adds an impressive element, making these the highlight of the collection along with other non UK specimens from France, Morocco and Utah.

 

Weaknesses

There are limited specimens from the Lichida, Agnostida and Harpetida groups and no examples from the Eodiscida and Raphophoridae groups.

The Proetida are local Carboniferous, and there are very few specimens from the Scottish side of the Iapetus.

 

Finally, I would like to thank Joe for this review and all he’s done. It was great fun and a wonderful two days.

The Arthropods, along with all the other collections are open and free for anyone to view by appointment, just call Leeds Discovery Centre on 0113 378 2100 or email discovery.centre@leeds.gov.uk